The volcanic moon Io and its role in Jupiter's vast magnetosphere

Since the Voyager mission flybys in 1979, we have known Jupiter moon Io to be extremely volcanically active as well as to be the main source of plasma in the vast magnetosphere of Jupiter. While the volcanic activity is generally dynamic and variable, the Jupiter magnetospheric plasma environment is stable on timescales from days to months. However, various observations suggest that occasionally (roughly 1-2 times per decade) the plasma environment undergoes major transient changes over several
weeks, apparently overcoming any stabilizing mechanisms.

I review the current knowledge on Io’s volcanic activity, atmosphere, and the magnetospheric neutral and plasma environment in view of their roles in the mass transfer from Io to the plasma torus and magnetosphere. At the end, I will briefly discuss what current and future space missions (Juno, JUICE, Europa Clipper) might contribute to address this topic.